Governance Roles

Cardano governance involves distinct but interconnected roles. ADA holders can participate through delegation and other governance activities, while DReps, Stake Pool Operators (SPOs), and Constitutional Committee (CC) members exercise specific responsibilities within the on-chain governance process.

These roles are not necessarily exclusive or permanent. An individual or organization may exercise more than one role, subject to the applicable protocol and constitutional requirements.

The following guides explain each role’s responsibilities, powers, limitations, and participation mechanisms.

ADA Holders & DelegatorsADA ownership, governance participation, and the options available for delegating voting power.

Delegated Representatives (DReps)Delegated voting authority, governance decisions, responsibilities, and accountability.

Stake Pool Operators (SPOs)Stake pool operation and the specific governance powers exercised by SPOs.

Constitutional Committee (CC)Constitutional oversight, Committee membership, governance voting, and transparency obligations.